From: SMTP%"lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu" 20-SEP-1994 17:26 To: WAHL CC: Subj: No Subject Date: Tue, 20 Sep 1994 17:32:31 -0700 Message-Id: <199409210032.RAA28738@mailer.martech.fsu.edu> From: "David M. Lind" Reply-To: "David M. Lind" To: blessing@FSHEB0.PHYSICS.FSU.EDU, cottle@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, crow@magnet.fsu.edu, larry@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, nrf@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, vasken@FSHEB0.PHYSICS.FSU.EDU, kirby@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, lannutti@res.fsu.edu, lind@magnet.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, nelson@nucmar.physics.fsu.edu, ng@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, plendl@FSHEB0.PHYSICS.FSU.EDU, harry@FSHEB0.PHYSICS.FSU.EDU, riley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, rip@lcopt.physics.fsu.edu, hunt@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, shaheen@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, shelton@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, headly@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, wahl@FSHEB0.PHYSICS.FSU.EDU, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu Cc: philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Subject: No Subject To: Physics Experimental Faculty, Following you will find the syllabus for the experimental methods class used two years ago, which could serve as a nice starting point for putting together the class for next semester. Some of my comments from how the class went also follow at the end: ----------------------------------++------------------------------------- TECHNIQUES OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS - PHY 5846C Spring Term 1993 Instructor: Prof. David M. Lind Office: 412 Keen, tel. 644-1576, office hours 3:45-5:00PM Tues. Class Schedule: Lecture: 10:10-11:00AM M W 107 UPL Lab: 10:10AM-1:00PM F 210 UPL Textbook: Experimental Physics: Modern Methods, R.A. Dunlap, (Oxford University Press, New York 1988) ISBN 0-19-504949-7 hardcover Building Scientific Apparatus, 2nd ed., J.H. Moore, C.C. Davis, and M.A. Coplan, (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City 1989) ISBN 0-201-13187-0 hardcover ISBN 0-201-13189-7 paperback Several other sources will also be referred to, and handouts of the relevant sections will be given to all class members. Grading: 20% Homework 20% Lab Reports 20% Exam (Midterm, Final) 20% Oral Report 20% Term Paper Term Paper: 5-50 pages (prefer 5-10) Jan 25 - Subjects assigned Feb - schedule student presentations March 29 - (day you return from spring break) - hand in papers for critique and to obtain advice for oral presentation Last 1 1/2 weeks of class - Oral presentation/Discussion last day of class - hand in revised expanded paper Course Objectives: The course is intended as a broad study of the techniques and tools of experimental research physics, and will be taught at the level of the beginning graduate student. It is designed to be a good introduction to students in any subfield of physics to the methods used in their field as well as other areas, and to students starting theoretical studies to the Òview from the other side of the fenceÓ into experimental studies. Some of the topics to be addressed in the class include: ¥ Charged and Neutral Beam Particle Sources. ¥ Charged Particle Beam Optics and Accelerators. ¥ Particle and Radiation Detectors. ¥ Dispersive Analyzers and Energy Discriminating Spectrometers. ¥ Electronic Data Acquisition Methods. ¥ Computer Interfacing, Protocols, and Computer-assisted Signal Recovery and Processing. ¥ Nuclear and Particle Instrumentation and Techniques. ¥ Vacuum Technology and Methods. ¥ Cryogenics, Thermometry, and Temperature Control. ¥ Methods of Condensed Matter Physics, including Diffraction, Magnetic Ordering and Particle Beam Techniques. ¥ Optical Techniques, including Laser, Synchrotrons, and Other Radiation Sources. ¥ Experimental System Design, overall laboratory implementation, and Construction. It is expected that a student leaving the class will have a working knowledge of many of the methods and processes of experimental physics, will be able to design and set up his/her own experiments, assess the validity of experimental results using the methods of statistical analysis, and communicate his/her experimental results through clear technical writing and oral presentation. The laboratory experiments covered are: 1. PASSIVE FILTER EXPERIMENTS: measure the frequency response and phase shifts of simple passive filters; use scopes, sources, wire simple circuits. 2. DIODE AND TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS: measure transistor and diode characteristic curves; construct transistor amplifier and test it's properties 3. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS: measure the frequency response and phase shift of active filters; using op amps, real circuit design, and troubleshooting electronic circuits. 4. ANALOG/DIGITAL CONVERSION: experiment with ADC's, DAC's, counters, clock circuits, and displays; fundamentals of digital and analog circuits. 5,6.NUCLEAR PHYSICS MEASUREMENTS: GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY: scintillator counters, simple real world detectors and data trains and their characteristics. (TWO LAB PERIODS) 7,8.MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT OF DATA: lab experiment in two parts; (1) Deconvolution of gamma spectrum from instrumental response function. (2) Modular statistical sampling workshop based on LabVIEW statistical package on the Macintosh. 9. VACUUM TECHNIQUE: trouble-shoot and leak check a real vacuum pumped system; turbomolecular, rotary vane, and ionization pumps, and vacuum gauging and leak detectors. 10. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL: measure and control the temperature of a sample over a broad temperature range. thermocouples, thermisters, other probes, cryogens and their handling. 11. Mechanical Shop demonstration/Tour [recommend that each student take the "shop class' to become qualified to use the student mechanical laboratory.] 12. Magnet lab tour/Tandem tour. --------------------------------++-------------------------------------- Several comments may also be pertinent: Several of the labs should clearly be updated from the ones used then (as examples, the Analog/Digital lab was a smash success, and most of the electronics and detector labs were defined narrowly enough to fit in the time and facilities of our teaching labs, but others need work; the first part of the Mathematical Treatment of Data lab could be improved significantly to teach them extraction of real spectra out of noisy data, and the vacuum, temperature, (and other later labs that give them "real" laboratory contacts with experimental tools) need a structure that will allow that many students (16 is a huge number for this class) access so that each can do real experiments. Homework that term included students generating their own machine drawings of real parts, their own circuit designs and optimizations for several types of circuits, their solution of a matrix formulation of geometrical optics, among other problems. In practice the homework and lab write-ups were lumped together for 40% of the total grade rather that treated separately. Two of the difficulties of this class were grading and scope. The class optimally teaches and tests a set of skills that are not easy to quantify in homework problems and tests. As a result the homework load was rather light and only one test (a final) was given. The grade really hinged on the lab reports -- could you put them in a laboratory with a set of simple guiding instructions and the tools and have them solve the problem? In addition, there is such a large range of areas to cover that some important topics can only briefly be reviewed, and some would clearly be shortchanged. I used student reports, filling only a week and half of class-time to solve both problems. Topics that are of special interest to the students are reported by a student "specialist" in that field, and then they answer a short "question and answer" session on their special topic. This makes sure that topics of interest, but maybe of more limited scope (which wouldn't be covered in the primary subfields lectures), are not omitted. In addition, the reports give another relatively easily quantifiable measure that the skills and techniques that they should have learned in the class are getting across. And finally, it also teaches the students the additional skill of both written and oral presentation of their work. (the written reports, as well as my class notes, are required to have and extensive bibliography of the topic covered, and are shared among the students at the end of the semester, so that anyone wanting to research a topic more extensively has a good starting point.) _____________________________________________________________________ David M. Lind, Associate Professor tel: (904) 644-1576 Florida State University FAX: (904) 644-6504 Department of Physics/MARTECH and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 315 Keen Bldg., Chieftain Way Tallahassee, FL 32306-3016 internet: lind@magnet.fsu.edu From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 29-SEP-1994 11:59 To: WAHL CC: Subj: Oct 11 Tech Exp Phys Meet Date: Thu, 29 Sep 1994 12:02:55 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <940929120255.216@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: Oct 11 Tech Exp Phys Meet Subject: Oct 11 Tech Exp Phys Meet ================================== An organizational meeting for the "Techniques in Experimental Physics" course (PHY-5846c) that is scheduled to be offered Spring 95 will take place on Tuesday, October 11, 1994 at 12:15 in the 7th floor conference room of the Keen building. PLEASE ARRANGE TO ATTEND (or have your proxy attend) IF YOUR NAME APPEARS ON THE LIST BELOW. There is also some "homework" to be done prior to the meeting. This will be explained in more detail below. The following list of subject areas and lecturers was proposed at the September 27 meeting:- Statistical Analysis Harrison Prosper Monte Carlo Simulations Peter Dragowitch Electronics (Anal<-->Dig Conversion) Sam Tabor Data Acquisition Techniques Scott Hannahs Cryogenics Eric Palm Vacuum Systems Jim Skofronick Lasers Ed Myers Beam Sources Ed Myers Accelerators Horst Wahl Detection Techniques Tony Frawley Optics & IR Thomas Schmiedel X-Rays & Neutron Diffraction Zach Fisk Magnetometry Steve von Molnar Transport Measurements Jim Brooks Data Visualization Saul Youssef I have roughly ordered the list so that mathematical analysis techniques come first. These are followed by practical items that are general prerequisites for many experiments and some more specific applications. I left "Data Visualization" till last since it could make for an exciting finale. The purpose of the upcoming meeting will be to refine the above list and work towards a more definitive statement of what will actually be in the course. If time permits, we will also try to lay out a specific schedule for the course. Towards these ends, each of you is requested to work up, write up and distribute a brief outline of the proposed content of your presentation. The outline should include the MAJOR TOPICS that you intend to cover and an ESTIMATE OF THE TIME that you will need to do so. Please also indicate what if any STUDENT ACTIVITIES (some homework or a lab) can reasonably be associated with your presentation. Since this is a laboratory course (the "c" in PHY- 5846c), we should seek to maximize the amount of "hands on" experience that the students will receive. (Student activities will also have to be graded, both for the benefit of the student and to help provide final letter grades for the course.) For scheduling purposes, please also indicate any times when you know that you will be out of town. Keep in mind that there are fifteen items on the above list of subject areas and about fifteen weeks in the course. So, as a first approximation, we should be looking towards about one week for each item. A typical week consists of two 50-minute lectures and a lab or, if no lab is appropriate, three 50-minute or two 75- minute lectures. If your proposed presentation appears to require significantly more or less time than the canonical week, we will try at the meeting to create a schedule that will accommodate you. At the upcoming meeting, we will discuss the information provided in your outlines with a view to maximizing the overall coherence of the course and its usefulness to the students who will be taking it. This may require some adjustment in what should be presented in order to better correlate with material provided elsewhere. It will clearly be helpful if everyone knows ahead of time what will be in everyone else's outline. Please will you therefore PREPARE YOUR OUTLINE AS SOON AS YOU CAN AND THEN DISTRIBUTE IT via e-mail to all the interested parties. A list of their names, e- mail addresses and telephone numbers follows. Please let me (JP) know (by e-mail or otherwise) if you have any comments on this procedure, or if I have misstated anything or left out anything important. Many thanks to all of you for your continued interest and participation in this course. Jim Brooks brooks@magnet.fsu.edu 4-2836 Peter Dragowitch drago@scri.fsu.edu 4-7056 Zach Fisk fisk@magnet.fsu.edu 4-2922 Tony Frawley frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu 4-4034 Scott Hannahs sth@magnet.fsu.edu 4-0216 David Lind lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu 4-1576 Bill Moulton moulton@magnet.fsu.edu 4-5247 Ed Myers myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu 4-4040 Eric Palm palm@magnet.fsu.edu 4-1325 John Philpott philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu 4-1724 Harrison Prosper harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu 4-6760 Thomas Schmiedel schmied@magnet.fsu.edu 4-1060 Jim Skofronick skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu 4-5497 Sam Tabor tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu 4-5528 Steve von Molnar molnar@magnet.fsu.edu 4-5075 Horst Wahl wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu 4-3509 Saul Youssef youssef@scri.fsu.edu 4-0183 From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 3-OCT-1994 18:18 To: WAHL CC: Subj: "Transport Measurements" Date: Mon, 3 Oct 1994 18:21:12 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <941003182113.41a@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: "Transport Measurements" Jim Brooks has requested that I distribute the following outline for his proposed contribution to the PHY 5846c course. Sincerely, John P. PHY 5846c Contribution: 9/27/94 "Transport Measurements" - Jim Brooks TOPIC: Electronic transport and other measurements in novel condensed matter materials, including low temperatures, high magnetic fields, and high pressures. The purpose of this segment of the course is to: 1) Introduce the student to some of the most important materials used in contemporary condensed matter research, such as heavy Fermions, High Tc, organic superconductors, and semiconductor heterostructures. 2) Present the experimental methodologies which evolve from the point when the material scientist passes the sample on to the experimental physicist. 3) Involve the student in an actual experiment where a specific material is being studied 4) Allow the student to participate in the resulting data analysis and discussion of the results. 5) Consider how to best communicate the information to other experimental and theoretical researchers. Skills which will be addressed include: 1) Selection and manipulation of small samples for experiments. 2) Basic electronics for transport-type measurements. 3) Cryogenic, high magnetic field, and high pressure techniques and experimental design considerations. 4) Data acquistion and analysis using scientific software packages. I hope this is close to the mark. I could do this in one week if need be, given two 1 1/2 hour lectures and a Friday afternoon lab period. Prof. James S. Brooks FSU/NHMFL 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr. Florida State Univ. Tallahassee FL 32306-4005 904-644-2836 Phone 904-644-5038 Fax. From: FSUHEP::WAHL 4-OCT-1994 10:37 To: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" CC: WAHL Subj: PHY5846 topic PHY 5846C Topic: Accelerators Goal: Acquaint the student with basic concepts of the physics of accelerators used in nuclear and particle physics Subjects to be covered: * Overview of accelerator types * beam manipulating elements * beam acceptance, emittance * betatron motion * lattice functions, tune * phase stability * synchrotron radiation * luminosity * beam cooling * representative examples of accelerators There is no laboratory accompanying this section of the course (unlesss the nuclear physics group has a suggestion) From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 5-OCT-1994 19:24 To: WAHL CC: Subj: More outlines Date: Wed, 5 Oct 1994 19:28:42 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <941005192842.55d@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: More outlines Here are a couple more outlines of proposed contributions to the PHY 5846c course. Sincerely, John P. ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/4/94 "X-Rays and Neutron Diffraction" - Zachary Fisk Outline of Topics: I. X-Ray Diffraction A. Generation and detection of x-rays B. Scattering of x-rays 1. Atomic scattering 2. Scattering from crystals and amorphous materials C. Techniques 1. Single crystal diffraction 2. Powder methods D. Practical Aspects 1. Analysis of powder patterns 2. Orienting single crystals 3. Lattice parameter determination 4. Refinement techniques II. Neutron Diffraction A. Neutron Sources B. Nuclear Scattering C. Magnetic Scattering III. Additional Topics A. Electron Diffraction B. Magnetic Light Scattering I would plan on two lectures, and probably sec.III would not get covered. The laboratory work could involve a division into working groups to collect and analyse a powder diffraction x-ray pattern, using the MARTECH x-ray equipment. ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/4/94 "Accelerators" - Horst Wahl Goal: Acquaint the student with basic concepts of the physics of accelerators used in nuclear and particle physics Subjects to be covered: * Overview of accelerator types * beam manipulating elements * beam acceptance, emittance * betatron motion * lattice functions, tune * phase stability * synchrotron radiation * luminosity * beam cooling * representative examples of accelerators There is no laboratory accompanying this section of the course (unless the nuclear physics group has a suggestion) ****************************************************************** From: SMTP%"schmied@magnet.fsu.edu" 5-OCT-1994 19:33 To: WAHL CC: Subj: PHY-5846c, Optics outline Message-Id: <9410052335.AA26357@magnet.fsu.edu> Date: Wed, 5 Oct 1994 19:32:37 -0500 To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu From: schmied@magnet.fsu.edu (Thomas Schmiedel) Subject: PHY-5846c, Optics outline Techniques in Experimental Physics, course (PHY-5846c), Spring 95. Subsection: Optical experiments in the visible and near infrared. Thomas Schmiedel. This section will cover the following topics: (1) Optical Experiments, Setups and Theory: - Photoluminescence/Raman - Reflectance, Transmission - Fiberoptical techniques (2) Light sources: - Lasers - Lamps, Gas discharge sources - Infrared emitters (3) Spectrometers: - Single/Double monochromator - Triple monochromator (4) Detectors: - Semiconductor and photoconductive detectors - Photomultiplier tubes, Photon counting - Multi-element detector arrays The subjects can be covered in one week with three 50 min lectures. I have no overview of the options for 'hands-on' work for students and would therefore appreciate suggestions. A demonstration of an optical experiment can be done, maybe even at NHMFL. If the group is not too large, the students could even perform a short experiment, say room temperature photoluminescence. Thomas Schmiedel, Visible Optics, NHMFL/FSU Tallahassee Phone: (904) 644-1060 Fax: (904) 644-0534 From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 7-OCT-1994 12:46 To: WAHL CC: Subj: "Detection Techniques" Outline Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 12:50:26 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <941007125026.1561@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: "Detection Techniques" Outline PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/6/94 "Detection Techniques" - Tony Frawley The objective is to introduce the students to all of the major radiation detection techniques, and to show how they are used in some existing experiments in high energy, nuclear (and atomic physics and condensed matter physics, or is this going to be done adequately by others?). 1. What do we want to measure? 2. Interactions of radiation with matter Interactions of charged particles with matter Interactions of neutral particles with matter Interactions of photons with matter 3. Basic detector types Ionization detectors The basic model of ionization chambers Resolution and the Fano factor Gas ionization chambers Liquid ionization chambers Gas proportional counters Parallel plate avalanche and similar counters Solid state ionization chambers Scintillation detectors Photon and electron multipliers Cerenkov detectors Transition Radiation detectors Track detectors Cryogenic and superconducting detectors 4. Applications of the basic detector types Measurement of energy Low energy particle detectors Photon, X-ray and low energy gamma-ray detectors Electromagnetic calorimeters Hadronic shower counters Measurement of position Drift chambers (inc. straw tubes) Pad chambers TPC's (TEC's) Silicon strip detectors Channel plate detectors Measurement of momentum Tracking in a magnetic field Measurement of time Scintillators Channel plates PPACS Silicon detectors Particle identification Tracking in magnetic field de/dx measurements RICH's for electrons Transition radiation detectors Muon identifiers 5. Example experiments For each experiment, discuss: Detector components and why they are needed Sources of background Data acquisition requirements Triggers PHENIX and D0 Gammasphere A representative atomic physics experiment (covered elsewhere?) A representative condensed-matter experiment (covered elsewhere?) I think that the above list will require four 50 minute lectures (three to cover topics 1 through 4, and one to cover topic 5). It is possible that three would do it, if topic 5 was very superficial. I am inclined to believe that a homework project (probably customised for each student) would be more useful than a lab., since the lab would necessarily have very limited scope. If anyone thinks I should add topics please let me know. Tony From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 7-OCT-1994 12:59 To: WAHL CC: Subj: REMINDER NOTICE Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 13:03:53 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <941007130353.1561@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: REMINDER NOTICE Brief reminder to everyone involved in the "Techniques in Experimental Physics" course to be offered Spring 95. Our meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, October 11 at 12:15 in Keen 708 If you have not done so yet, please prepare and distribute your outline as soon as possible. (I will distribute any outlines that appear to have been sent to me alone.) Sincerely, John P. From: SMTP%"HARRY@FSHEW0.HEP.FSU.EDU" 9-OCT-1994 20:45 To: WAHL CC: Subj: Stats Outline Date: Sun, 9 Oct 1994 20:44:19 -0400 (EDT) From: HARRY@FSHEW0.HEP.FSU.EDU To: philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu X-Vmsmail-To: @OUTLINE Message-Id: <941009204419.2b200365@FSHEW0.HEP.FSU.EDU> Subject: Stats Outline STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Harrison B. Prosper (644 6760, Keen Rm 514) FORMAT: 3 x 50-min lectures PREREQUISITES: Some calculus PURPOSE: To introduce students to some of the basic ideas and methods of "classical" and "modern" (read Bayesian) statistics. I plan to use real examples from the physics literature. (Necessarily, this will come from areas with which I am most familiar.) I shall avoid using the Gaussian distribution in my examples so that certain ideas remain distinct - e.g., standard deviation and confidence interval. My aim is to provide the student with a firm grounding in useful statistical ideas. The following is not necessarily organized in its final form. It may also contain far more material than can possibly be discussed in 3 lectures. Topics or concepts to be discussed (A) BASIC NOTIONS 1. DECISION FUNCTION, ESTIMATOR, LOSS and RISK functions (in particular, the mean squared error) 2. BIAS, VARIANCE, EFFICIENCY of an Estimator, CONSISTENCY 3. COVARIANCE, CORRELATION, and INDEPENDENCE (B) CLASSICAL STATISTICS 1. The method of MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; the METHOD OF MOMENTS; SAMPLING THEORY. Use as an example: estimating the mean lifetime of an exponentially decaying system. Also measuring the top quark mass using the method of moments. 2. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS (both for continuous and discrete distributions). (In spite of the lore to the contrary a confidence interval does have a precise meaning. I hope to get that message across to the students, especially those who wish to do experiments.) Use the Poisson distribution as an example. 3. APPROXIMATE METHODS, The LIKELIHOOD RATIO and its relationship to the CHI-SQUARED distribution. What to do about unphysical regions: use them, or lose them? 4. FITTING - CHI-SQUARED method, LIKELIHOOD method. GOODNESS-OF-FIT tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-Smirnov-Von Mises) (C) BAYESIAN STATISTICS 1. BAYES' THEOREM 2. HYPOTHESIS TESTING using BAYESIAN PROBABILITY 3. PARAMETER ESTIMATION 4. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 5. TREATING SYSTEMATIC ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY 6. UNFOLDING SPECTRA 7. CONNECTION to NEURAL NETWORKS From: SMTP%"youssef@ibm7.scri.fsu.edu" 10-OCT-1994 14:14 To: WAHL CC: Subj: Techniques in Experimental Physics Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 14:13:40 -0400 From: Saul Youssef Message-Id: <199410101813.AA13754@ibm7.scri.fsu.edu> To: @fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@ibm7.scri.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu Subject: Techniques in Experimental Physics Computing Saul Youssef (youssef@scri.fsu.edu) --------- Time 2-3 sessions of 50 minutes each. The last session will be ---- mostly hands on demonstrations. Student activities: The homework will be almost all in writing programs ------------------ in order to help absorb point 2. After a brief survey of computing in general, the main thing that I would like to do is to show the students how to write computer programs without bugs. Essentially all the homework for this section will be related to this. For the last lecture or so, I will discuss how 1-3 fit into the design of a real system. We will end with a demonstrations of the software system discussed in 4) and generally playing with all the high tech computing toys available over here. This should give the students a feeling for what is (or will soon be) possible in computing. 0) Software Horror Stories 1) Overview of computing a) Universal computers b) What is computable? c) A little complexity theory 2) How to write programs without bugs. 3) The concept of a type; abstraction. 4) Design considerations in a real system. 5) New technologies: Demonstration of one of our latest software products, visualization with SciAn on the "reality engine", how to find out about software, www, demo of perhaps Mathematica or Axiom, video conferencing, demonstration of the "Boom" (a virtual reality device). From: SMTP%"PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu" 10-OCT-1994 18:46 To: WAHL CC: Subj: Five more outlines for PHY-5846c Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 17:49:00 -0400 (EDT) From: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu CC: PHILPOTT@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu Message-Id: <941010174900.1b1b@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu> Subject: Five more outlines for PHY-5846c These five outlines for the "Techniques in Experimental Physics" course bring the total of distributed outlines to 11. The remaining four will, I hope, be made available at our meeting. Sincerely, John P. ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/10/94 "Electronics (Analog<-->Digital Conversion)" - Sam Tabor As we discussed earlier only a small subtopic of electronics could be taught in 2 lectures. A possibility relevant to much experimental physics is the conversion between analog and digital signals (both ways). We have some ADCs and DACs so that the students could perform some simple experiments with A - D conversion. I will give you a copy of the description of such a laboratory performed in a previous incarnation of this course. In the past I haven't been able to find any non-trivial homework exercises at this introductory level. Sam Tabor ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/8/94 "Introduction to Lasers" - Ed Myers ---------------------------------- Aim: 1) Provide basic understanding of laser operation. 2) Briefly survey important laser systems and laser- optical methods Time required: Three 50 minute lectures + demonstration of some laser equipment. (I would prefer to use part of the 3 hours on Friday for lecture) Topics: Optical resonators Gaussian beams Interaction of radiation and atomic systems Gain coefficient Conditions for laser oscillation Saturation characteristics and power output Specific laser systems (CW and pulsed) Gas Dye Solid state (optically pumped) Semiconductor Free electron Other topics Frequency stabilization of single mode lasers Q-switching and mode-locking Harmonic generation Phase conjugation and holography Fiber optics ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/8/94 "Introduction to Beam Sources" - Ed Myers ---------------------------------------- Aim: 1) Convey understanding of basic beam source concepts 2) Briefly survey important sources of atoms, ions and electrons Time required: Two lecture hours. Practical could involve ion sources, including the polarized ion source, in the tandem-linac lab. Topics: Emittance and brightness Electron ion sources Effects of space charge Problems of extraction Survey of beam sources and applications: Sources of positive ions Duoplasmatron Rf-discharge Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) Electron Beam (EBIS) Sources of negative ions Cesium sputter source Negative ion duoplamatron Charge exchange in alkali vapor Production of atomic beams Nozzle flow regimes: effusion, intermediate, supersonic Production of cooled atomic beams Polarized ion sources Electrons H,D,He-3 Alkalis I can also think of an appropriate design exercise involving ion sources and lasers. ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/10/94 "Magnetometry" - Stephan von Molnar The magnetometry segment of the Experimental Physics course will contain the following: 1). An overview of magnetometers a). Induction methods b). Force methods c). Vibrating sample magnetometer d). SQUID magnetometer e). Torque magnetometer 2). Novel techniques for special purposes a). Hall gradiometer b). Cantilever magnetometer The lab will involve the observation of preparation and mounting of a magnetic sample onto the sample holder of a commercial SQUID magnetometer. The data, which will be collected automatically by the SQUID as data points of magnetization vs. temperature and field, will then need to be analyzed by each student. This will permit the student to become familiar with: a). various methods of plotting magnetic data to extract significant constants b). experimentally defining a second order phase transition. ****************************************************************** PHY 5846c Contribution: 10/10/94 "Computing and Data Visualization" - Saul Youssef Time: 2-3 sessions of 50 minutes each. The last session will be ---- mostly hands on demonstrations. Student activities: The homework will be almost all in writing ------------------ programs in order to help absorb point 2. After a brief survey of computing in general, the main thing that I would like to do is to show the students how to write computer programs without bugs. Essentially all the homework for this section will be related to this. For the last lecture or so, I will discuss how 1-3 fit into the design of a real system. We will end with a demonstrations of the software system discussed in 4) and generally playing with all the high tech computing toys available over here. This should give the students a feeling for what is (or will soon be) possible in computing. 0) Software Horror Stories 1) Overview of computing a) Universal computers b) What is computable? c) A little complexity theory 2) How to write programs without bugs. 3) The concept of a type; abstraction. 4) Design considerations in a real system. 5) New technologies: Demonstration of one of our latest software products, visualization with SciAn on the "reality engine", how to find out about software, www, demo of perhaps Mathematica or Axiom, video conferencing, demonstration of the "Boom" (a virtual reality device). Saul Youssef (youssef@scri.fsu.edu) ****************************************************************** From: SMTP%"sth@magnet.fsu.edu" 10-OCT-1994 21:41 To: WAHL CC: Subj: proposed outline for exp tech course Message-Id: <9410110142.AA21395@magnet.fsu.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 21:40:54 -0400 To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu From: sth@magnet.fsu.edu (Scott Hannahs) Subject: proposed outline for exp tech course Course Outline for Techniques of Experimental Physics Course 5486C Scott Hannahs - Data Acquistion techniques and methods 3-50 min lectures 1 General sensor concepts Types of transducers / AC and DC excitation Tignal conditioning and linearization Dynamic range considerations 2 Digitizing data Effects of digitizing on signal resolution Effects on descrete time series Effects of Analog Filters 3 Data Massaging Effects of Digital Filtering Our friend the FFT Analog vs Digital Integration and Differentiation of signals Curve fitting Limitations of digital methods 4 Software design for the lab Principles of the user interface Real time vs. off line data analysis When and when not to write software Possible Lab with Eric Palm acquiring data for sensor calibration and applying techniques to data acqusition and analysis. From: SMTP%"palm@magnet.fsu.edu" 11-OCT-1994 08:24 To: WAHL CC: Subj: proposed outline for cryogenics section of expt course Date: Tue, 11 Oct 94 08:26:50 EDT Message-Id: <9410111226.AA28822@magnet.fsu.edu> To: brooks@magnet.fsu.edu, drago@scri.fsu.edu, fisk@magnet.fsu.edu, frawley@fsulcd.physics.fsu.edu, sth@magnet.fsu.edu, lind@mailer.martech.fsu.edu, moulton@magnet.fsu.edu, myers@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, palm@magnet.fsu.edu, philpott@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, harry@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, schmied@magnet.fsu.edu, skofronick@baeyer.chem.fsu.edu, tabor@fsunuc.physics.fsu.edu, molnar@magnet.fsu.edu, wahl@fsheb0.physics.fsu.edu, youssef@scri.fsu.edu From: palm@magnet.fsu.edu (Eric Palm) Subject: proposed outline for cryogenics section of expt course Cryogenics - Eric Palm Purpose - review 1st principles pointing out the important points. Provide a few practical designs. Provide resources (tables and notes) for future reference. Should take 2 lectures. A lab will probably be performed in conjunction with Scott Hannahs. I. Cryogenic liquids II. Heat Transfer A. Gas B. Solids C. Radiation III. Cryostat designs and principles A. Variable temperature B. He-4 C. He-3 D. Dilution Refrigerator IV. Practical Considerations A. Materials B. Electrical Leads C. Thermometry D. Temperature Control E. Recipes, hints, and safety (misc.) Eric Palm National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University